網絡集錦

拜物小姐戀物誌 – 再談學生報事件
http://www.chinakolau.com/wordpress/?p=584

Durkheim (1925, cited in Ma, n.d.b) 認為道德有三個元素︰

i) discipline – spirit shared generally by members of the group
ii) attachment to those social groups of which one is a member and
iii) autonomy or self-determination.

對於 autonomy or self-determination,他指出

We must have knowledge, as clear and complete as awareness as possible of the reasons for our conduct. This consciousness confers on our behaviour that autonomy that the public conscience from now on requires of every genuinely and completely moral being (Durkheim, 1925, cited in Ma, n.d.b).

換句話說,moral behaviour 就是 “must be freely desired, that is to say, freely accepted” (cited in Ma, n.d.).

Many psychologists and educators (Bull, 1969; Kohlberg, 1981, 1984; Rest, 1986, cited in Ma, n.d.a) regard personal autonomy as an important characteristic of the highest stage of moral judgment. Norman Bull (1969) argues that personal autonomy “alone is wholly adequate in a democratic and increasingly permissive society. It follows that autonomy must be the true goal of moral education” (cited in Ma, n.d.a).

可是

authoritarianism (權威主義)、physical discipline, and indoctrination (灌輸) 限制了 personal autonomy (Norman Bull, 1969, cited in Ma, n.d.a).

所以著名道德心理學家 Lawrence Kohlberg 定出的 Six-stage Theory of Moral Judgment,達到最高層次 [Level 3 (Post-Conventional, Stage 5 and 6)] 的人就會擁有 “prior-to-society perspective”

the individual, in general, accepts conventional or societal rules on the ground that he understands and agrees with the moral principle underlying these rules. In cases where the moral principle is in conflict with the societal rules, he would stick to his self-chosen moral principles rather than obeying the rules (Ma, n.d.b).

John Wilson (1967)強調道德教育是

… helping the children to learn and develop the moral principles or rules to judge and make decisions. Any basis for moral education “should consist of imparting those skills which are necessary to make good or reasonable moral decisions and to act on them. We are not primarily out to impart any specific content but to give other people facility in a method” (cited in Ma, n.d.a).

Reference

Ma, H.K. (n.d.a). EDUC 4290 Moral and Civic Education: Current Issues in Moral and Civic Education [course handout, unopened publication]. Hong Kong.

Ma, H.K. (n.d.b). EDUC 4290 Moral and Civic Education: Lecture 1. Psychology of Moral Development [course handout, unopened publication]. Hong Kong.

Further reading

Kohlberg’s stages of moral development. (n.d.). Wikipedia. Retrieved May 20, 2007, from Answers.com Web site: http://www.answers.com/topic/kohlberg-s-stages-of-moral-development

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離教者之家 :: 離教者見證 – 逃離基要派基督教
作者: 杜葉錫恩
http://ex-christian.hkudb.com/html/sharing.php?id=79

我的生命已接近尾聲,在離開這個世界之前,我只想試圖向年青人指出完全依附於基要組織的危險性,無論那組織是宗教性或是政治性的。基要派只會傷害自己和傷害別人,它一點好處也沒有。只要擁有開放的思維,和在不傷害別人的情況下保持我們思想自由和行動自由的決心,我們就可以倚靠自己的力量和自己的努力,去面對一生中所有的問題。我們無須去信靠人為的醫治、所謂的神蹟、令人生畏的教義。無人知道神是否真的存在,但我們可以保持思想開放,只要我們在這世間做好事,我們就無所畏懼。只要令其他人快樂,我們就可以令自己快樂,以及獲得美滿的生命。

這就是 autonomy or self-determination…

via

::littleoslo::..::Blog:: – 向仇恨說不之強烈譴責明光社
http://www.littleoslo.com/cnt/home/?p=973

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《當教授變成學生:一位大學教授重讀大一的生活紀實 (My Freshman Year: What a Professor Learned by Becoming a Student)》by Rebekah Nathan

美國的 sexuality class

we were given the assignment of interviewing one another about intimate sexual issues and beliefs in our lives (Nathan, 2005a)

… share our personal histories, our sexual questions, issues, and advice, and our individual reactions to the readings and films (Nathan, 2005b, p.105)

香港可以有麼?我可以想像衛道人士和家長的反應會有多激烈…

References

Nathan, R. (2005a). An Anthropologist goes under cover. Retrieved May 20, 2007, from The Chronicle of Higher Education Web site: http://chronicle.com/weekly/v51/i47/47b01101.htm.

Nathan, R. (2005b). My freshman year : what a professor learned by becoming a student. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.

Further readings

Alan Poon’s Blog – Feed / 電影 / 書
http://alanpoon.wordpress.com/2006/12/13/feed-電影-書/

Pictures copied from

Penguin Group (USA) – My Freshman Year – Rebekah Nathan
http://us.penguingroup.com/nf/Book/BookDisplay/0,,9780143037477,00.html

博客來網路書店 – 當教授變成學生:一位大學教授重讀大一的生活紀實
http://www.books.com.tw/exep/prod/booksfile.php?item=0010340273

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是誰違反了人「性」?

日本傳統性風俗本來極為符合人性,也與多神教、母系氏族的日本風土對路,但明治新政府為了確立「文明開化」新社會道德,積極引進西方一神教教條的性愛觀與戀愛觀,崇奉處女膜,推崇戀愛與婚姻必須一致,強制國民堅守一夫一妻制,彈壓紮根於全國各地的性風俗,並制定父權至上的長子繼承權……。於是,本來光明磊落的性愛,變成偷雞摸狗的行為;本來公平合理的民風,淪為傷風敗俗的代表。國家抑制國民人性,約束國民性慾,後果便是今日漫無止盡的色情產業 (茂呂美耶,2003,頁91-92)。

日本傳統性風俗便是「夜襲」。男子於夜晚到女子寢室偷香竊玉,黎明離去的風俗,日語稱為「夜這」(yobai,「這」是「爬」的意思,直譯為「夜爬」) (茂呂美耶,2003,頁91-92)。

大和民族也不計較血統問題,孩子等於是村落共同財產,誰當父親都無所謂。而女子也因婚前同時與複數男子有過親密關係,可以從中比較,挑出自認為最適合自己的夫婿。反正婚後還是有機會偷香,在當時來講,婚姻不是鳥籠,沒有必要拒絕 (茂呂美耶,2003,頁95-96)。

大都市的江戶也一樣,婚前有所謂的「足人婚」,女子在婚前先住進夫家一段日子,合得來,再宴客公佈,合不來,拍拍屁股打包回家,相當於現行的試婚。也因此,不要說是重婚,實質的三婚、五婚可以說是家常便飯 (茂呂美耶,2003,頁96)。

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「男色」 地位與「女色」 平起平坐,既非禁忌,也非敗德,在江戶時代武士社會中甚或比「女色」祟高,於庶民社會中則是一種雅癖 (茂呂美耶,2003,頁98)。

* 「男色」= 男性同性戀愛
「女色」= 異性間戀愛

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江戶時代的日本,是「殉情之國」 (茂呂美耶,2003,頁106)。

Reference

茂呂美耶 (2003)。江戶日本。臺北市: 遠流出版事業股份有限公司。

Further reading

Forward. EyEing. – 自殺沒問題(二)
http://eyer.blogspot.com/2007/05/suicide-no-problem-2.html

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上周四播放的《白色巨塔》終於出現了我很喜歡的一個場面,這是我兩年半前第一次看後的感想

「白色巨塔」今集出現了一場溫馨感人既場面。 一位前任外科教授的太太是一位愛好名利, 會不惜攀附 (巴結) 權貴來維持地位既人。或者她所做的一切都是為了自己的丈夫和家庭。 即使她的丈夫從教授位置退了下來, 她亦未曾忽視任何會影響丈夫名聲的事情, 一直反對他伸張正義。最後, 她丈夫放棄院長職位及前途出庭作證, 事後她一直喋喋不休, 向丈夫訴說不是。那位可能聽了一輩子老婆訓斥的前任教授在她及女兒面前突然拿出了男人的尊嚴及信念, 講了一句「以後不准過問男人做的事」, 他太太便掩面痛哭離桌 (當時在一間露天茶座), 而他就繼續跟女兒 (女兒是鼓勵他出庭的人) 說明出庭的意義。 不久後, 他一言不發離開座位向老婆大人鞠躬道歉,說了些話 (鏡頭是遠鏡, 無聲), 逗回老婆, 整過場面真的好溫馨。 事實上, 即使男方做法合理, 但令自己愛的女性傷心並不妥當,畢竟她原意都是為自己好, 能主動向老婆致歉並獲得原諒, 陪她回座位非常有風度, 表現了他有多愛及尊重對方, 亦有寬宏的容人之量, perfect!

Alan Poon’s Blog – 112520144545067992
http://alanpoon.wordpress.com/2004/11/03/112520144545067992/

除此之外,因讀了這本書

《一位外科醫師的修煉 (Complications : a surgeon’s notes on an imperfect science)》 by Atul Gawande

我對醫生向病人和其家屬講解不同治療方法和效果有了多一層認知。在不久以前,普遍的醫生真的不會跟病人討論治療方法,甚至讓他們知道患上什麼病。醫生決定用甚麼方法,病人就要接受。我從小睇開的家庭醫生以前也不會跟病人多談,總之醫生就是權威,跟無知的病人多談是無意義的。

可是隨著教育的提升和資訊發達,病人開始自己找資料以了解傷病的一切,醫生知道自己已經不是唯一的權威,病人有自己的一套想法,醫生便要對病人清楚說明解釋一切就成了專業操守的其中一項。

縱使如此,到頭來病人始終是信賴醫生提出的建議和決定,絕少病人夠膽憑資訊為自己作決定,資訊的功能頂多豐富了知識和考慮因素,對重大決擇的影響甚微。

只要醫生具備經驗、知識、技術和對病人的關懷就能給予病人信心,劇中財前那種高高在上的「格」就顯得很落伍。用七十年代或以前的標準,他的做法沒有問題,大部分醫生也是那樣。可惜的是,他的思維沒有跟上時代步伐,因與病人看法不同導致的衝突就促成了他悲慘的下場。

其實操守和道德一樣,一直都在變,香港的道德標準又怎樣了?

Further readings

Alan Poon’s Blog – 網絡集錦
http://alanpoon.wordpress.com/2007/05/02/網絡集錦-21/

Alan Poon’s Blog – 網絡集錦
http://alanpoon.wordpress.com/2007/03/29/網絡集錦-17/

Official Google Blog – How do you know you’re getting the best care possible?
http://googleblog.blogspot.com/2007/03/how-do-you-know-youre-getting-best-care.html

Atul Gawande 新書

“Better: A Surgeon’s Notes on Performance” by Atul Gawande

Pictures copied from

博客來網路書店
http://www.books.com.tw/

天下文化書坊 – 《一位外科醫師的修煉》
http://www.bookzone.com.tw/Publish/book.asp?bookno=gh061

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人生交匯點 – 下班本來就是應該的
http://grade-crossing.blogspot.com/2007/05/blog-post_18.html

香港的老闆/上司到何時才會明白?

Further readings

KingsLand.彭叔公園 – 蓄奴(上)
http://kingsland03.mysinablog.com/index.php?op=ViewArticle&articleId=526179

紫熊部屋 – 最高工時
http://kumadon.mysinablog.com/index.php?op=ViewArticle&articleId=516736

Life as a 2 hit 6 – 幾點收工…
http://domotoiceko.mysinablog.com/index.php?op=ViewArticle&articleId=523302

Alan Poon’s Blog – 牛的應對 / 網絡集錦
http://alanpoon.wordpress.com/2007/04/11/牛的應對-網絡集錦/

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Education and Life – Mind for the future
http://jenleehongkong.blogspot.com/2007/05/mind-for-future.html

哈佛心理學家 Howard Gardner 繼多元智能 (Multiple Intelligences) 後又一理論

“Five Minds for the Future” by Howard Gardner

為迎接新挑戰而需具備的「五心 (five minds)」

The Disciplined Mind
The Synthesized Mind
The Creating Mind
The Respectful Mind
The Ethical Mind

via

phgod’s bookmarks on del.icio.us
http://del.icio.us/phgod

Picture copied from

Harvard Business School Press
http://www.hbsp.harvard.edu/

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Slashdot – Is Speech Recognition Finally ‘Good Enough’?
http://slashdot.org/articles/07/05/18/1958213.shtml

語音辨識… 唔… Opera 都有 voice feature,不過裝過一次唔理想,以後冇再用。

Opera with Voice
http://www.opera.com/products/desktop/voice/

記得做 TA 時,拍檔打中文很弱,知道經常要打中文後,她就買了蒙恬廣東聽寫王/小聽寫,以後就用口代手輸入中文,效果不俗,起碼節省了時間和學習中文輸入法的功夫,準繩度也相當高。

Reader comments

Speech Recognition is more than dictation
by Pedrito (94783) on Friday May 18, @08:46PM (#19186893)
http://slashdot.org/comments.pl?sid=235269&cid=19186893

Speech recognition generally comes in two flavors: Command and Dictation.

voice recognition in command mode could be really useful at speeding things up, if software were designed to take advantage of it.

using voice recognition, but in combination with a mouse and keyboard.

Another issue (and I’m sure this has been mentioned by others), is background noise.

Until voice recognition can get around that and recognize my voice amidst background noise and do it accurately AND software out there generally supports it, it’s not going to go mainstream.

Zeno’s Translator
by Carcass666 (539381) on Friday May 18, @08:28PM (#19186801)
http://slashdot.org/comments.pl?sid=235269&cid=19186801

speech recognition in its current incarnation is good for people who can’t type (disabilities, carpal-tunnel, etc.) it is not a replacement for typing, and isn’t any closer today than it was five years ago.

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Mr./Ms. Days – 網路, 資訊, 觀察, 生活 – 瞬間的美麗
http://mmdays.wordpress.com/2007/05/18/high-speed/

超高速攝影機帶給我們的奇景…

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