弱勢學校管理

目的︰

  1. 學生學有所獲,培養自律、負責任和對自己有要求的求學態度。
  2. 照顧學習差異。
  3. 重建學校名聲。

重點措施︰

混齡學習 / 跨級分組

  • 所有學生每年升「班」,無論成績或操行表現如何,六年內完成中學課程 (有特殊問題除外)
  • 學生依程度編派入讀合適的「學科 (或主科) 級別」學習 (準則︰常分及考試分合格)
  • 學科每半年評定學生水平一次,安排學生依表現升「級」 (準則︰常分及考試分合格)
  • 減少學生因留級人數制而獲准升「班」,出現因基礎不穩,逐漸放棄學習的情況
  • 學生的所屬班別及各科級別詳列於成績表內
  • 按校規,僅向「高中六年級學科程度合格」的學生頒發畢業證書,其餘即使讀六年「班」,也只獲發修業證書
  • 確保各「級」學科的程度與教育局/考評局的要求一致,使完成各「級」的學生的水平有保證,加強學生應考公開試的信心及表現、提升校外人士對本校水平的信心、迫使無進步的學生對自己的表現感到羞愧,進而反思如何改善或另覓適合自己的出路
  • 老師人手編配維持不變,堂數及工作量更會不升反跌
  • 由於學習氣氛改善,預期老師能更為專注教學工作,教學效能、滿足感、士氣也會因而提升不少

假設現時學生的學業表現,各科各級約有一半學生不合格,估計若再將程度提升至應有水平,合格率可能降至約2 成。依這情況,若實施「混齡學習」,各科各「級」的「組」數應呈三角形般越高越少 (低級多至7-8 組,高級則少至1組),三角形底部的「級」水平更可能屬於初小級別。

大膽推算,每年約有一組 (約20人/10-15%) 學生能順利「全科合格」畢業,其餘的則視乎各科「級」別程度,考取應有成績。情況看似慘不忍睹,但實際上這些學生卻依能力和天賦在六年中學生涯中實實在在的掌握了些基礎知識,不會像現在般一無所獲般離開。最重要的是,大部分的他們在離開學校時是群了解自己、有品德、有目標、能貢獻社會的人。只有這樣,學校、教員、職工等的付出才算有價值。

訓導管理

    • 加強執法的一致性及學生得到的即時後果
    • 安排累犯的學生在星期六回校進行訓育,如︰清潔及粉飾校舍、維修器具、栽種植物等培養責任感的紀律訓練 (聘請外間機構負責)
    • 設立特別班教育停課的學生 (由訓輔主任、副校長及校長親自負責)
    • 採取絕不姑息的態度,方能協助全體老師建立威嚴及學生對指示/命令的服從性
    • 禁止學業及品格未達標的學生加入校隊或將其剔出名單,刺激其發憤圖強,爭取入選
    • 教育家長配合校方的政策管教子女,預防及減少家長因縱容或包庇子女而違犯校規或染上壞習慣
    • 可參考台灣學校,在校服上繡上學生編號,方便老師及街坊辨認問題學生,阻嚇他們穿著校服在外犯事

改善免費高中教育資源運用與成效之我見

對部分品德欠佳及缺乏求學態度的學生來說,12 年免費教育成了他們免卻提早投入勞動市場辛苦工作的救生圈。他們毫不付出,不盡學生的義務和責任,終日只會撩事鬥非,挑戰老師,以致嚴重影響全校的學習氣氛。有鑒於此,政府在提供「高中」免費教育之時,亦應考慮受惠者會否善用資源,才作出資助。評鑑可分為這 3 種項目︰-

  • 考勤表現 (如︰出席率達 9 成以上、遲到不過 5 次等才獲全額資助)
  • 操行 (處分累進制,如︰達小過者只資助一半,達大過者不獲資助)
  • 學習態度 (根據學業成績,評定學生的進步幅度是否符合如期。如發現明顯沒有付出,老師須了解原委,先給予機會改善,及後再判斷是否應該減少資助)

學生須達成這些要求才會受到一定的資助,否則家長須繳交學費,藉此讓學生及家長明白自己應負的責任。

由於高中 3 年並非強迫教育,如學生缺乏資助而又未能付出學費,他們將即時失去學位,須自行另覓出路發展。如此,目標學生才有望能在各方壓力下自律發奮,訂立人生目標及方向,或從傳統學校以外找到適合自己的路徑,而並非像現時般不情願地每天到校玩樂破壞一番,到離校時一無所獲;另一方面,家長亦會因此而積極督促子女學習,培養他們的品德,不再像現時般丟下養育的責任,任由子女放肆胡鬧而應對無力,浪費子女的青春及納稅人的金錢。

名著及改編影視作品

兩年多來首次爭取到出席學科會議,了解學科正真資源需要後搜集而來的「名著及改編影視作品」參考列表,歡迎取用。

  • 因「名著」定義模糊,凡作品有改編電影或戲劇便收錄於表中。
  • 因集數多,不便比較,不收錄改編電視劇、
  • 依作者名稱排序。
  • 不收非華文作品。
  • 大部分作品資料收集自 Hong Kong Academic Library Link (香港高校圖書聯網),如八大院校無收藏,將極有可能遺漏未列。

早會短講︰自我管理

校長、各位老師、同學早晨。

早前假期在家中整理文件,發現了我讀幼稚園時的成績表。不知你們還記不記得內裡的評分項目,原來當中有一項叫「自我管理」。何謂自我管理?以幼稚園初級的學生的情況做個例子,便是他能在有大小便意時能舉手通知老師帶他 / 或自行到洗手間解決,沒有失禁的情況發生。

這容易做到嗎?首先,他要習慣使用洗手間,而不依賴尿片,隨時隨地在片內解決需要。這對他來說其實麻煩極了,但我相信你們當中無人會後悔建立了這種有生理需要時去洗手間解決的習慣吧。

其次,在上課時間去洗手間,不像在家想去就去,而要問准老師,走一段路去到洗手間,還要解掉褲頭,方能解決。當中其實牽涉到分辨便意的大小、緩急、從放膽舉手到解好褲頭的時間計算等,要掌握得準確並不是想像中容易,如果你有年幼的弟妹,相信你明白這種不慎其實經常發生。

要避免這種醜事發生,他們有的可能選擇整天不喝水、有的可能選擇每個小息都去洗手間、有的可能選擇穿著尿片上學、有的可能每當感到有便意便請求去洗手間等等。你覺得他們的方法好不好?是不是有更好的解決方法呢,你們想一想。

說回中學情況︰

一. 每天早會,總有些因遲到而站在後排的同學。
二. 每次去到班房上課,總有同學還未準備好書本、筆記、文具等,甚或連帶回校也沒有。
三. 在圖書館當值,每天同學都不懂壓低聲量談話、使用手提電話和 MP3 機等。
四. 幾乎每次測驗考試監考,都會有同學要求去洗手間。

為什麼呢?一個 4 -5 歲的幼稚園學生都會監督自己、評估及改善情況,但十幾歲的中學生卻竟然不會「自我管理」﹗

我相信問題的原因不是無人教不知道,而是提醒得太多令你們喪失了自覺和自主的能力。有人話便不情願地做,不知道原來自己的情況有如失禁,而且是無時無刻都在失禁,更弊的是,自己一點也不介意。

你們或不同意,認為我在說歪理,不能將這些與濕褲子的「個人」醜事相題並論。對,根本不能跟它比,因為你們所犯的比起個人的舒服和面子問題大得多,而且影響深遠。你們試想想「守時」、「做好準備學習」、「維持圖書館寧靜的環境」、「把握時間答題」等良好習慣對自己和他人有何好處,不好好管理好這些習慣對自己和他們造成怎樣的影響。

我深信我校的老師見到你們的不足之處時會提醒、教導、給予機會改善,我們不介意你們的進步是小幅度的,但可以肯定的是,停滯或倒退卻是我們不願見到的。希望同學能做好「自我管理」,把握珍貴的青春完善自我。多謝﹗

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淚別貓 B

April, 2010 – April 16, 2010

四月九日 (星期五) 清晨與兩隻同胎兄弟 (姊妹?) 躺在學校禮堂外,被校工發現後險遭棄置,得 L 老師及時提出領養及搬牠們到電腦室暫時棲身。

同日放工,到電腦室探訪牠們,得知電腦技術員 K 君已接收其中一隻,但因事未能將之帶回家,我立時請求代養它三日兩夜,以討愛貓女友的歡心。

當晚,因無知而沒有準備好適當的貓糧及餵食工具,害它餓了一整天。

第二天 (星期六) ,女友到中午才買到初生貓奶粉及奶樽,但始終無法讓它喝下一滴奶。

放學後偕她到她養貓的朋友家中求助,在朋友夫婦努力下終成功用針筒餵飲了 4 毫升奶。

回家後用著學來的手法分兩次餵牠,共再飲了 4 毫升奶。相隔餵奶的睡覺時間,首見牠排小便。而每喝奶一次,睡醒起來便愈見精神有力。當晚便給牠叫起「貓 B」來。

星期日整天餵了牠 5 次奶,共 10 毫升。每次都讓我回想起數年前做義工餵 BB 吃飯時他們掙扎的情景。但見到牠努力愈走愈穩、好奇愈走愈遠的情況,便知道即使牠不想喝而要用強也是無可奈何的。

四月十二日 (星期一),帶貓 B 回校交予 K 君,著其要好好照顧牠。但不到兩節課,只有養狗經驗的他便帶著滿身大便漬的牠來找我求助如何餵食。

到放學時 K 君便感到無力抽身每三、四小時餵飼次的要求,決定交託 L 老師養育照料,直至懂得自行舔奶為止。

昨天 (星期五),K 君經過時低聲告知我貓 B 突然死去之事。L 老師解說貓 B 在星期四晚上已有不妥,便中帶血,懷疑是天氣轉冷,適應不良而死。

一星期前還在我身上活潑地走動,餘溫仍在我心。當想到牠的離去,及遺體隨著垃圾處理,實在叫人傷心及難受。

永存我心,願牠安息。

Simply in Love

未弄清對她的是淡淡的愛,還是友情。冷漠的浪人,竟自私地讓她走入心扉。當下綁住了自己,也綁住了她。

將自己放在她 5 年前寫下的廿多項結婚對象的條件做比較,不但年齡比她小,不懂欣賞張愛玲的作品,個性也稍嫌高傲,更可能會對眼淚和囉嗦感到不耐煩。舊同事口中的少爺,真的夠條件、能肩起照顧她的重責嗎?

她,付出了極大的勇氣,換來的會是個膚淺幼稚低俗無聊不知所謂又有可能拋下她不顧而去的人麼?

像是給她母親看穿了,心中一驚,所以很怕給她的好友看透自己的無才。

習慣獨來獨往,只對自己負責,遇失敗後推倒重來。但這次不容放棄,要學習承擔,絕不能辜負了她的深情。

未曾履行承諾,卻已在想將來;沒條件,卻在畫大餅,誰叫要面對是出名難纏的對手 —— 時間。

讀著想著,從以書結緣,逐步發展至走在一起是多麼的奇妙。

Friday, January 15, 2010 at 21:3+ at Academic Building, City University of Hong Kong is just the beginning.

Education for band 3 students

上年看了幾本教育書籍

More about 學習要像加勒比海盜 More about 讓天賦自由 More about 養男育女調不同 More about 浮萍男孩 More about 失去山林的孩子:拯救「大自然缺失症」兒童

作者不約而同對當代教育頗有微詞,認為未能為「另類」的可造之才作出相應的調節,成功地因材施教。

其中《學習要像加勒比海盜》

James Marcus Bach: Secrets of a Buccaneer-Scholar

的第 1 章寫得最得我心 [其餘章節不甚了了,可能沒有其父 (《天地一沙鷗》作者) 的寫作天份吧],使我恨不得將整章印發給討厭上學的學生看。因他說到

Education is important. School is not. I didn’t need school. Neither do you.

School can help your education. Maybe you like school. If it’s fun, stay with it.

If you’re not happy, leave this place. If you think there’s no other way to get your education, or if you think you can’t get a good job without this place, then look at me.

School is temporary. Education is not. If you want to prosper in life: find something that fascinates you and jump all over it. Don’t wait for someone to teach you; your enthusiasm will attract teachers to you. Don’t worry about diplomas or degrees; just get so good that no one can ignore you.

既然絕大部分的他們上課心不在焉,學無所得,還來下來作啥?借本田宗一郎先生的一句話︰「學習不強迫,遲到不允許。」《本田神話 : 本田宗一郎奮鬥史》(頁 237),他們可以選擇不學,但若決定上課就必定要遵守規矩 (現在行為問題嚴重的踢不走,又沒足夠資源留他們級,禍亂的種種很多時便是沒法「教得嚴」而起的)。

幸運地,原文出版社提供了整章供預覽

Secrets of a Buccaneer-Scholar : How Self-Education and the Pursuit of Passion Can Lead to a Lifetime of Success
http://books.simonandschuster.com/Secrets-of-a-Buccaneer-Scholar/James-Marcus-Bach/9781439123508/excerpt

內文除提到他對學校教育的觀感、勤奮自學的途徑外,更說到教育的真諦

Education is not a heap of facts. It’s not the hours we spend in classrooms, or the way we answer test questions. It’s not indoctrination, nor worshipping the ancients, nor obedience to authority, not taking anyone’s word for what is true, false, vital, banal.

Education is the “you” that emerges from the learning you do.

Knowledge is part of my education only if it changes me. Knowledge does not improve my education unless it changes me for the better. It might make me more powerful, more insightful, more engaged with life. But I must become more interesting or useful to myself in some way, or there’s no improvement.

No one on earth has a choice about whether or not to be educated. But we do have a choice about what form that education will take. It’s a life’s work.

他的看法讓我想找些提倡 deschooling/unschooling/homeschooling 的資料來看,其中少不了 John Holt 的兩大著作 “How children learn” 及 “How children fail”

More about 孩子如何學習 More about 孩子為何失敗

在未看之前,單是看 John Holt 的語錄已經深深認同之

“Learning is not the product of teaching. Learning is the product of the activity of learners.”
~John Holt~ Growing Without Schooling magazine, no. 40 (1984)

“In a nutshell, people whose lives are hard, boring, painful, meaningless—people who suffer—tend to resent those who seem to suffer less than they do, and will make them suffer if they can. People who feel themselves in chains, with no hope of ever getting them off, want to put chains on everyone else.” ~
John Holt, Teach Your Own, Introduction.

“What makes people smart, curious, alert, observant, competent, confident, resourceful, persistent – in the broadest and best sense, intelligent- is not having access to more and more learning places, resources, and specialists, but being able in their lives to do a wide variety of interesting things that matter, things that challenge their ingenuity, skill, and judgement, and that make an obvious difference in their lives and the lives of people around them.”
~John Holt~ Teach Your Own

“Of course, a child may not know what he may need to know in ten years (who does?), but he knows, and much better than anyone else, what he wants and needs to know right now, what his mind is ready and hungry for. If we help him, or just allow him, to learn that, he will remember it, use it, build on it. If we try to make him learn something else, that we think is more important, the chances are that he won’t learn it, or will learn very little of it, that he will soon forget most of what he learned, and what is worst of all, will before long lose most of his appetite for learning anything.”
~John Holt~ Teach Your Own

“Children do not need to be made to learn to be better, told what to do or shown how. If they are given access to enough of the world, they will see clearly enough what things are truly important to themselves and to others, and they will make for themselves a better path into that world then anyone else could make for them”
~John Holt~, (1923-1985) American Educator, How Children Fail

“The child is curious. He wants to make sense out of things, find out how things work, gain competence and control over himself and his environment, and do what he can see other people doing. He is open, perceptive, and experimental. He does not merely observe the world around him, He does not shut himself off from the strange, complicated world around him, but tastes it, touches it, hefts it, bends it, breaks it. To find out how reality works, he works on it. He is bold. He is not afraid of making mistakes. And he is patient. He can tolerate an extraordinary amount of uncertainty, confusion, ignorance, and suspense … School is not a place that gives much time, or opportunity, or reward, for this kind of thinking and learning.”
~John Holt~, (1923-1985) American Educator, How Children Learn

“What children need is not new and better curricula but access to more and more of the real world; plenty of time and space to think over their experiences, and to use fantasy and play to make meaning out of them; and advice, road maps, guidebooks, to make it easier for them to get where they want to go (not where we think they ought to go), and to find out what they want to find out.”
~John Holt~ Teach Your Own

“It is as true now as it was then that no matter what tests show, very little of what is taught in school is learned, very little of what is learned is remembered, and very little of what is remembered is used. The things we learn, remember, and use are the things we seek out or meet in the daily, serious, nonschool parts of our lives.”
~John Holt~ How Children Fail

via

Wikiquote – John Holt
http://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/John_Holt

JOHN HOLT QUOTES
http://sandradodd.com/johnholt

John Holt Quotes
http://sandradodd.com/holt/quotes

可惜,跟外國不同的是 homeschooling 在香港是違法的。

Homeschool. (n.d.). Wikipedia. Retrieved January 01, 2010, from Answers.com Web site: http://www.answers.com/topic/homeschooling

在 2001 年,代表教育界的張文光議員曾作出以下的詢問,回應的是當時的教育統籌局局長

教育局 – 立法會問題第 17 條 (書面答覆)
http://www.edb.gov.hk/index.aspx?nodeID=136&langno=2&UID=10546

(一) 政府有否政策、指引或標準,容許家長不把子女送往學校而把他們留在家裏接受教育;若有,詳情如何;若否,原因為何;
(三) 當局會否檢討是否容許孩童在家接受教育的政策;若會,詳情如何;若否,原因為何?

政府的政策,是為所有年齡介乎六至十五歲的兒童提供九年免費普及教育。因此,這個年齡組別的兒童必須在學校接受教育。我們沒有計劃檢討或更改這項政策。鑑於本港目前的社會經濟狀況,我們深信,兒童在學校接受教育,對他們有最大裨益。學校可以為兒童提供更均衡和有系統的正規課程和課外活動,讓他們有機會與同儕和師長互相切磋砥礪。這對於兒童在德、智、體、缌[群?]、美各方面的均衡發展,至為重要。

無可否認,讓孩童入學有助他們熟習社交生活,建立社交圈子,但這是否表示需要到學校這個地方?社區中心、遊樂場均有此效果,不是嗎?與其浪費人力、物力、孩童的時間等珍貴的資源,讓不適合學校生活的他們自由發揮不是更好嗎?說什麼「鑑於本港目前的社會經濟狀況,我們深信,兒童在學校接受教育,對他們有最大裨益」,「14 歲時離家,16 歲中輟」James Marcus Bach 的成功便是個好例子推翻它。在著作《學習要像加勒比海盜》中,他便回應了沒學歷他能找到工作的事實

Isn’t it true that many employers won’t even consider you unless you have lots of formal education?
Maybe it’s true. So what? I’m not trying to get a job with many employers. One at a time is good enough. There are always some who value what is truly useful, such as technical skill and the ability to play well with others. Find those people.

而局長的回應便與書中那名覺得 James 演講危言聳聽的教師相似,以下是摘自第 1 章的內容

As I was leaving, the teacher joined me.

“Mr. Bach, I want you to know that I will recommend against you speaking at our school again,” she said. “Your message is dangerous for children to hear.”

She was almost right. It was dangerous, what I said — dangerous for her. To maintain a docile herd of students, her school needs them to accept certain truths:

• You must study what we tell you. What we say is the only thing that matters.• You must pass our tests. Our tests measure the only important things about you.• You must attend school. Only through schooling can you hope to enjoy a good life.

This is what I call schoolism — the belief that schooling is the necessary and exclusive way to get a good education. Must and only!

“I told them about myself,” I said, “and how I came to be here. I told them the truth.”

“It may be true for you,” she replied. “But these kids aren’t super smart like you. They don’t come from well-off families. They’re barely staying in school, and you just told them that they don’t need to be here. They do need to be here!”

“Ma’am, my eighth-grade English teacher told me I would have to pump gas for a living if I didn’t graduate high school. She was wrong about my future. Isn’t it possible your students will surprise you, too? I think any of your students can do what I did — in high tech, journalism, business, art, or any number of different fields. And they have a lifetime to develop their talents. What’s the rush?”

“Yes they could be successful if they put in the work,” she conceded. “But I don’t think they heard that part of your message. I’m barely holding on to some of these kids as it is. I’m afraid you’ve made my job much harder, Mr. Bach. Some of them are going to take a ‘what the hell’ attitude instead of applying themselves.”

“So what if they do?” I replied. “This is America. They probably won’t starve. They probably won’t be eaten by wolves. If they don’t care about education, they may be forced to work at low-skilled jobs they won’t enjoy, such as fast food or house cleaning. However bad those fates may sound, they are neither fatal nor permanent. Or perhaps they will accidentally educate themselves by starting a new business, building things, or doing theatre, music, or sports. Are you worried they’ll turn to crime? Then show them more options, not fewer. They will learn and grow from anything that happens, unless they believe there is no hope. Your job is not to make them huddle quietly in a corral, but to help them get out there and seek their fortunes. Show them a way!”

I had to shrug about this as I drove back to work. I’m no political activist. I can never convince the bureaucrats to abandon their mythology of social order. I think very differently than most people about social order. I’m a buccaneer.

另,John Holt 便曾說過︰「既然我們無法決定哪一種知識在未來最有用,那麼現在在學校教的,就一點意義也沒有。所以,學校教育應該教出具有學習能力、並且樂於學習的人,使他學習必須學習的任何事物。」

國立中正大學教研所 – 知識管理與教育革新發展之學理分析
http://www.ccunix.ccu.edu.tw/~deptedu/Chinese/discussion3/paper1.htm

亦即是說正規課程的內容並非重點,但真正重要的 Information Literacy (資訊素養) 卻連像樣的課也沒有,這半調子的坐牢式學校教育真能教育學生嗎?

最後來段適合對正規課程沒興趣學生和家長參考的影片 (選擇很像當年的我哩)

公共電視 -「公民眾意院」流浪大學生不如技職生?

建議欠學習動機的學生閱讀

More about 追蹤師1:松林少年的追尋 More about 追蹤師2:追蹤師的足跡 More about 追蹤師3:草原狼導師

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